Przestrzeń i FORMa | pif60/2024

przestrzeń i FORMa | piF

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e-ISSN 2391-7725 | ISSN 1895-3247
e-mail: spaceandform@zut.edu.pl

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SPACE & FORM NO 60/2024

PRZESTRZEŃ I FORMA NR 60/2024

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EDITOR | STOPKA REDAKCYJNA

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SPIS TREŚCI | TABLE OF CONTENTS

ARCHITECTURE AND CONSERVATION OF MONUMENTS | ARCHITEKTURA i KONSERWACJA ZABYTKÓW

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Meryem Alagöz Konur, Figen Beyhan | Department of Architecture, Konya, Türkiye

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7483-4281 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4287-1037
Digitilisation in solar architecture compressed shortcut (cs) tool usage, investigation in a residential building in Ankara, Türkiye

Solar-oriented architectural design is an emerging architectural approach to high energy consumption in buildings. The digital technologies used in this approach allow designers to test the performance of the building simultaneously by providing all the conditions of the design space parametrically. In this study, Compressed Shortcut (CS) tools, which are developed as an easy and fast solution to reach the optimum result in solar energy efficiency-oriented design approaches, are used. These tools are analyzed on a residential building in Ankara. Rhinoceros - Grasshopper and Ladybug plug-in programs were used as a method. As a result, the usability of the CS tools applied with the developed digital tools has been demonstrated as a method that enables the designs to be in optimum energy in a very fast and easy way.

DOI: 10.21005/pif.2024.60.B-01
Keywords: Compressed Shortcut (CS) Tool, Digitalization, Solar-oriented design, Optimum energy.

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Monika Magdziak | Faculty of Architecture, Bialystok University of Technology, Poland

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7497-1518
Family-based assistance houses for the elderly and disabled:characterization and research potential

The research focuses on Family-Based Assistance Houses (RDP) – a relatively new and not widely adopted care model in Poland. Due to the underappreciated potential, the lack of information and research, and its broad legal definition, preliminary studies were conducted to provide an initial characterization and to identify potential research areas. Legal conditions were analyzed, and an extended scoping review indicated possible research directions. Based on a comparative analysis with international examples, RDP subtypes were identified, and simplified flow diagrams of key functions were developed, illustrating the diversity of spatial solutions. These findings may serve as a starting point for further research.

DOI: 10.21005/pif.2024.60.B-02
Keywords: care deinstitutionalization, care homes, elderly and disabled individuals, housing environment, multigenerational housing, social care system.

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Małgorzata Gościniak | West Pomeranian University of Technology, Poland

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9601-5789
Typology of residential development in the suburban areas of Szczecin in the context of increasing land prices a case study of Bezrzecze.

The following article analyzes the diversity of residential development forms in the suburban areas of Szczecin, considering the rising prices of real estate land. The author discusses how changes in the real estate market influence the shaping of various types of development, such as single-family homes, small-scale developer projects, and multi-family housing. It is highlighted that the increase in land prices forces developers and residents to seek more compact and economical solutions. This phenomenon leads to a densification of development and shifts in the spatial structure of suburban zones, which are gaining importance as an alternative to the more expensive and crowded city center.

DOI: 10.21005/pif.2024.60.B-03
Keywords: land prices, single-family homes, suburban areas, suburbanization.

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Rafał Obuchowicz | West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Poland

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4138-236X
Architectural form of buildings with integrated wind installation.

The article addresses the subject of the construction of the architectural form of buildings with integrated wind installations. The considerations were related to the basic concepts of composition and form structure, based on the rules of elementary geometry and taking into account the context of shaping the body in accordance with the principles of aerodynamics. A study was conducted using eight objects with wind installations that met the adopted assumptions and conclusions were presented.

DOI: 10.21005/pif.2024.60.B-04
Keywords: architectural form, renewable, wind energy, wind turbine.

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Marek Sietnicki | West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Poland

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4190-8851
The complexity of the decision-making process in the selection of colors facades on the example of the reconstruction and renovation of the Branicki Palace in Warsaw. Reconstruction vs. Creation.

The decision-making with regard to the selection of colors in the reconstruction of historic buildings is a complex process. Despite the well-established practice of conducting opencast research and using its results, the results of this research cannot be directly translated into a decision to use one or another color on the facade of a building. Getting up or reconstructing an architectural object, including decisions about its colors, are the result of multi-person decisions taken by a team of persons. The article presents the results and methodology of conservation research on the color scheme of the Branicki Palace in Warsaw and the clash of the results of these studies with the practical decision-making process involving the monument preservation authorities and the investor.

DOI: 10.21005/pif.2024.60.B-05
Keywords: architecture, color scheme, Warsaw, Branicki Palace.

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Monika Sroka-Bizoń | Silesian University of Technology

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1521-2287
Architectural creations – visualization and realism.

The article deals with modern methods of presenting architectural objects - computer visualisations, understood as realistic presentations of projects developed with the use of computer aided design programs, such as CAD and BIM. Based on literature research, the author analyses the spatial assumptions of visualizations presenting the reconstruction of the railroad station in Katowice and the construction of the Katowice System of Integrated Interchanges. The conducted analysis is the basis for outlining the issues related to the realism of visualizations of designed architectural objects. The purpose of the study is to isolate the characteristics of realistic visualizations, in the context of the perception of the space of a given place by the user of that space.

DOI: 10.21005/pif.2024.60.B-06
Keywords: architecture, architectural drawings, visualisation, perception of space.

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Bartosz Śliwecki | Bialystok University of Technology, Poland

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6231-967X
Visual representation of Podlaskie architecture: an evaluation of generative ai models.

This paper addresses the underrepresentation of the Podlaskie voivodeship’s architectural style in AI image generation tools. By generating images from 60 prompts featuring Podlaskie-specific terms and evaluating their alignment and quality, this study finds that SDXL models depict the region proficiently, with MidJourney achieving nearly 100% accuracy but only 70% quality. While cities are generally well-represented, small towns and villages are mostly lackluster in detail and with low accuracy. Generated visual representations consist of derelict and mismanaged structures with a generic Eastern-European housing architectural style.

DOI: 10.21005/pif.2024.60.B-07
Keywords: diffusion models, Podlaskie, visualization, visual representation.

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Anna Włoszczyńska-Lewińska, Michał Tereś | PIU DESIGN Sp.z o.o. Szczecin, Poland

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4015-9415 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1093-0581
Innovative technology of aluminum and glass mobile walls – the course of research and implementation.

The aim of the research was to create innovative, modular systems for aluminum and glass movable walls developed by PIU Design. The project focused on designing sliding wall systems that meet high aesthetic and technical standards, ensuring durability and ease of installation. The process included 3D modeling, strength testing, 3D printing, and prototype verification. Studies confirmed the systems' robustness, functionality, and alignment with modern architectural trends. The walls demonstrated adaptability to various spatial configurations, making them suitable for office and residential applications.

DOI: 10.21005/pif.2024.60.B-08
Keywords: aluminium mobile walls, Glass mobile walls, mobile walls, product innovation, test and research.

URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING | URBANISTYKA i PLANOWANIE PRZESTRZENNE

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Marco Lucchini, Wojciech Bonenberg, Agata Bonenberg | Politecnico di Milano, Poznan University of Technology

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8051-3313 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0301-6556 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1618-4417
Urban design as a way to address climate change and heat islands: the cases of Barcelona and Milan.

The climate crisis and global warming have intensified heatwaves, especially in cities, where urban heat islands make conditions unhealthy, particularly for vulnerable members of the society like the elderly persons and children. In cities like Barcelona and Milan, geographical and population factors worsen this effect. Mitigating urban heat involves strategies at three levels: urban policy, settlementscale projects, and architectural interventions, focusing on improving the urban climate, enhancing energy efficiency, and incorporating greenery. This paper compares how Barcelona and Milan address heat waves, examining not just their effectiveness but also the cultural values shaping these urban and architectural strategies.

DOI: 10.21005/pif.2024.60.C-01
Keywords: Barcelona and Milan, Climate crisis, Heatwaves, Urban heat islands, Urban policy, Urban and architectural strategies, Vulnerable populations.

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Michał P. Chodorowski | Bialystok University of Technology, Poland

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7675-5782
Planning and architectural measures to counteract dispersal in the resettlement of an entire community for climatic reasons in internal migration.

The focus of the paper presented here is on forced resettlement from areas withdrawn from use as a result of emergency events, with consideration given to counteracting the climatic dispersal of affected communities. The aim of the research is to provide an overview of existing displacement/resettlement models, especially those that take into account community participation. A proposal for a model implemented in the aftermath of climate change-related disasters in terms of planning and architecture, taking into account the assumptions of community protection, is presented.

DOI: 10.21005/pif.2024.60.C-02
Keywords: climate change, resettlement, displacement, social ties, community.

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Ewa Jarecka - Bidzińska | Warsaw University of Technology

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1289-9784
Towards smart public spaces - architectural approach: case study.

Smart urban solutions are the future critical factors of a city’s resilience, well-being, and sustainable development. They have an essential influence on sustainable development, social awareness, and future eco-friendly trends. Such areas can have an excellent opportunity to become the best exemplary places of innovation that shape the global directions of contemporary public space transformation with dimensions such as social, economic, physical, virtual, and specialized tech- nology. The article aims to compare and show the potential of selected smart public spaces with various functionalities as essential forms of urbanity.

DOI: 10.21005/pif.2024.60.C-03
Keywords: Urban Design, Intelligent City, Smart City, Smart Public Space.

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Katarzyna Styborska | West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Poland

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2530-2581
Analysis of the impact of technological risks on multi-family residential development.

The article examines the impact of technological threats on the design, construction, and use of multifamily residential buildings, which, according to the Global Risk Report 2023, are critical to the current and future functioning of society. In an era of rapid technological advancement, cybersecurity has become a significant factor influencing both the design and usage of residential units. The study employs a range of methodologies, including literature review and risk analysis, to provide a comprehensive perspective on the issue. The results yield recommendations related to the planning, design, and operation of buildings that can enhance the resilience of housing infrastructure against technological threats, thereby improving the quality of life for residents.

DOI: 10.21005/pif.2024.60.C-04
Keywords: risk analysis, technological risks, multi-family housing, internet access analysis.

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Konrad Bajor | University of Zielona Góra, Poland

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3908-657X
Bibliometric review of the topic of shaping ventilation spaces.

Green infrastructure plays a key role in shaping functional urban structures, and taking care of green areas is an essential tool in planning sustainable cities. This review article analyzes publications that consider the problem of ventilation in cities, including ventilation corridors, urban layouts and green urban areas, in the context of their impact on air quality, the urban heat island phenomenon and the comfort of residents

LANDSCAPE | KRAJOBRAZ

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Aleksandra Pilarczyk | West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Poland

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7340-8774
Teaching the history of garden art to landscape architecture students - a case study.

The article explores teaching methods for the history of garden art in landscape architecture at the West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin. It highlights the importance of integrating theory with practice, using design tasks and sketchbooks to enhance students' analytical and design skills. Practical tasks, including freehand drawing, are emphasized for their role in deepening knowledge. The teacher's involvement is crucial in motivating and engaging students. The article also stresses the need to adapt education to modern technologies while preserving traditional techniques and methods.

DOI: 10.21005/pif.2024.60.D-01
Keywords: didactic methods, education, freehand drawing, history of garden art, landscape architecture, landscape design, practical tasks.

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Magdalena Rzeszotarska-Pałka | West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4479-9734
Sensory gardens on university campuses: a case study.

Numerous scientific studies demonstrate that incorporating elements of horticultural therapy or sensory gardens into green spaces can have a positive impact on the mental and physical wellbeing of users. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is also a need to establish sensory gardens within educational and research institutions, such as universities. The results of a survey revealed that all respondents expressed interest in the creation of sensory-stimulating gardens. However, the issue of their accessibility remains subject to further discussion. Design concepts prepared by students, based on the survey findings, also confirm the feasibility of implementing sensory garden elements within the surroundings of university buildings.

DOI: 10.21005/pif.2024.60.D-02
Keywords: landscape architecture, survey research, sensory gardens.

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Agata Zachariasz, Wojciech Bobek | Politechnika Krakowska, Poland

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9985-3083 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6933-1110
The fashionable tree in the landscape: lombardy poplars in the landscape of Polish cities and residences.

The 19th century can boldly be called a period of fashion for the Lombardy poplar (Populus nigra 'Italica’). It is an exotic tree, that has been introduced to Poland, and which has perfectly integrated into the native landscape. This is evidenced by historical sources. Among the research methods used are analyses of literature and iconography, and plant catalogues both historical and contemporary. Factographic analysis and comparative studies were also used. The time when the Lombardy poplar, a fast-growing tree, was gaining popularity was a period when green spaces in cities were developing and mansion garden design was flourishing. This paper describes the role of the Lombardy poplar in the composition of cities, with particular reference to Krakow, and residences, referring to the history of gardens, iconography and garden establishment guides. In the discussion, the advantages and disadvantages of the variety were discussed. Reference was also made to its contemporary applicability and the possibility of replacing it with other species of similar form.

DOI: 10.21005/pif.2024.60.D-03
Keywords: poplar, introduction, landscape composition, cityscape, mansion landscape.

HISTORY | HISTORIA

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Piotr Krzysztof Arlet | West Pomeranian Technical University in Szczecin, Poland

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2072-1449
Group of farm workers' houses as an element of the composition of a manor complex on the example of Krasne Dłusko.

In western Poland, in the village of Krasne Dłusko, a compact and uniform complex of farmworkers' houses was preserved until the third quarter of the 20th century. According to the author's knowledge, this is the only such complex that survived long enough to be photographed and de- scribed. Very interesting in itself, it was also part of a larger spatial composition of a manor and grange estate dating back to the early 18th century. In this article, the author considers whether the inclusion of groups of such houses within the composition of a manor and grange was typical or rather an exception.

DOI: 10.21005/pif.2024.60.E-01
Keywords: farm worker's house, farmhand's cottage, grange, manor complex.

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Elżbieta Ostasz | Forest Research Institute, Doctoral Studies

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9655-3789
Cultural heritage and aesthetic value of the forest in forest memorial landscapes of the Pomeranian crime of 1939.

This paper presents the results of the study on the heritage value of 85 forest memory sites of the Pomeranian Crime of 1939. Almost all of the areas surveyed were found to be characterised by high or outstanding historic and intangible value, while aesthetic value was found to be the lowest of all the values included in the analysis. The author discussed the relationship between the aes- thetic value of the forest, the value of cultural heritage and forest management methods in cultural landscapes under State Forests administration.

DOI: 10.21005/pif.2024.60.E-02
Keywords: forest aesthetic value, forest landscape, heritage value.

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Svitlana Linda, Olga Mykhaylyshyn | Lviv Polytechnic National University, Lviv, Ukraine, National University of Water and Environmental Engineering in Rivne. Rivne, Ukraine

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6963-6101 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3046-7923
The sacred heritage of Wawrzyniec Dayczak: preservation of traditions.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the sacred heritage of the architect Wawrzyniec Dayczak, whose life and work were divided by the events of the Second World War. Based on the analysis of archival materials and visual inspection, it is shown that the architect’s creative outlook was formed in the interwar period in Lviv. After the Second World War,Dayczak W. continued to design sacred objects, the architecture of which reflects the features characteristic of Dayczak's W. work, which allows us to speak about the formation of this individual style.

DOI: 10.21005/pif.2024.60.E-03
Keywords: architect, Lviv, Poland, sacral construction, traditions, Wawrzyniec Dayczak, 20th century.

ACCESSIBILITY | DOSTĘPNOŚĆ

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Adam Zwoliński, Katarzyna Krasowska, Weronika Juzyszyn, Mateusz Freidenberg | Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9404-0748 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9232-9596 https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3458-5297 https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1070-4967
Analysis of tactile guidance systems in the context of perceptibility by people with visual impairments.

Tactile pavement marking systems (pol. FON) play a key role in ensuring the accessibility of urban space for people with visual impairments. The use of the so-called "tenji blocks" invented by Seiichi Miyake, then their contemporary versions - elements of the FON system, in urban space has become one of the key elements of universal design, which aims to create spaces accessible to all users, regardless of their limitations. In Poland, statistics on people with visual impairments indicate that this group constitutes a significant part of the community of people with disabilities. FON is felt using a white cane and directly with the feet. The palpability of the FON system in footwear is the parameter that is the main research thread in this article. The research analyzed the palpability of FON depending on the type of footwear and the parameters of its elements. The research was conducted using tensometric sensors.

DOI: 10.21005/pif.2024.60.F-01
Keywords: accessibility, ergonomics, tactile guidance systems, visual impairments.