space & FORM | pif65/2026

space & FORM | piF

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e-ISSN 2391-7725 | ISSN 1895-3247
e-mail: spaceandform@zut.edu.pl

License: CC-BY

CiteFactor 2019/2020: 1.90

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EDITOR | STOPKA REDAKCYJNA

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SPIS TREŚCI | TABLE OF CONTENTS

THEORY | TEORIA

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Elżbieta Czekiel-Świtalska, Klara Czyńka, Paweł Rubinowicz, Alicja Świtalska | West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Faculty of Architecture, Poland

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4423-033X https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3855-6736 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0377-272X https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0790-2563
Comparative positioning of Space and Form among polish academic journals in architecture and urban planning.

The 65th issue of the Space & form journal, published in the journal’s 21st year, provided oppor-tunity to compare selected Polish academic journals in architecture and urban planning. As part of the study, several journals were compared, taking into account such aspects as general infor-mation, indexing in databases, and scoring. The case study of Space & form includes selected elements of its historical development, the path toward gradually increasing its scope of influence, and the strengthening of its scientific position. Throughout its entire period of operation, adher-ence to the principles of publication ethics has remained a key element of the journal’s editorial policy.

DOI: 10.21005/pif.2026.65.A-01
Keywords: journal databases, academic journals, discipline of architecture and urban planning.

ARCHITECTURE & CONSERVATION OF MONUMENTS | ARCHITEKTURA I KONSERWACJA ZABYTKÓW

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Ali Kaygısız, Rumeysa Tuna Sayın, Fatih Semerci | Aksaray University, Faculty of Architecture and Design, Department of Architecture,

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8408-3792 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6104-9030 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1017-5141
Noise control in industrial buildings and improvement recommendations.

Noise control in industrial buildings is essential for worker health and production efficiency, as excessive noise can cause permanent hearing loss and increase errors and accidents. This study investigates indoor noise control in a printing company in Konya and proposes measures to achieve acceptable workplace levels. Existing noise levels were assessed under two operating scenarios, and three proposals have been developed as improvement suggestions: noise barrier placement, increasing total absorption and both increasing absorption and adding barriers. Machine sound power levels were taken from the literature, and room acoustics calculations, critical distance estimates, and receiver-point sound pressure levels were derived using theoretical formulas. The results of different scenario analyses show that indicate that increasing total absorption yields the greatest noise reduction, whereas barriers alone provide limited benefit due to dominant reflected sound. The study concludes that noise control should be integrated at the design stage and that barrier placement must be determined based on source sound power levels.

DOI: 10.21005/pif.2026.65.B-01
Keywords: Building acoustics, Industrial noise, Industrial buildings, Noise control, Noise barrier.

URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING | URBANISTYKA I PLANOWANIE PRZESTRZENNE

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Mariusz Tuszyński | West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Faculty of Architecture, Poland

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5347-5200
The image of the main shopping street. Architectural and social issues on the example of the Niepodległości – Wyzwolenia axis in Szczecin.

The article recognizes the image of the 1.4-kilometer axis of Niepodległości–Wyzwolenia Avenue in Szczecin as a potential main shopping street. An urban and architectural analysis was used, as well as an interpretation based on Lynch

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Annika Lundkvist | PhD student at the Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization, Warsaw

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8288-3056
Urban oral history: residential narrative on the 15-minute city and urban transformation in Warsaw and Edinburgh.

This study documents research outcomes in the form of residential narratives on the experience of a neighborhood-based 15-minute city concept experience in Warsaw and Edinburgh. The study focuses on the results of a survey that explored place attachment, quality of life, and appeal of the 15-minute city concept as a lived experience. The author asserts that these narratives can provide residential-based insight on challenges and opportunities for contemporary urban transformation and also be valued as a form of contemporary urban oral history, not only on the physical conditions of the built environment, public space, and sustainable mobility options in diverse neighborhoods but also on the perception and experience of these spaces, environments, and mobility possibilities. The overall purpose of this study was to test out the 15-minute city residential survey in local workshops (Warsaw) as part of a broader community-engaged research project and also pilot the survey remotely (Edinburgh) to test out the survey administration remotely.

DOI: 10.21005/pif.2026.65.C-02
Keywords: 15-minute city, oral history, place attachment, urbanism, walkability.

HISTORY | HISTORIA

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Hanna Hrehorowicz - Gaber, Jakub Knapek | Cracow University of Technology, Faculty of Architecture, Poland

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1567-6172 https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5085-5314
The motif of the city in art: a study of changes in perception and meaning in succesive eras.

The portrayal of the city in art has evolved over the centuries, reflecting social, artistic, and philosophical transformations. The aim of this article is to trace these changes by analyzing the depiction of city fragments in paintings from various eras. The research method employed consists of analyzing three main elements: iconography, semiotics, and spatial analysis. These approaches facilitate an understanding of how artists depicted the city, its hierarchy, dynamics, and the relationships between its individual components. The city is examined as a space with diverse symbolic meanings sacrum, profanum, utopia, and dystopia. It can be a spiritual space, as in the case of Jerusalem or Rome in religious art; an everyday reality with its streets, squares, and marketplaces; an ideal city expressing harmony and order, as seen in Renaissance urban planning; or a space characterized by chaos, destruction, and dehumanization, as depicted in works asso-ciated with industrialization and modernism. The article also analyzes the evolution of the city's silhouette: from the enclosed walls of medieval towns to the skyscraper-dominated skylines of 21st-century metropo-lises. Furthermore, selected paintings from different epochs are presented to demonstrate how the imagery of cities transformed in response to prevailing ideas and values. The conclusions indicate that the represen-tation of cities in art serves as a mirror reflecting shifts in the understanding of both urban space and human experience.

DOI: 10.21005/pif.2026.65.E-01
Keywords: architecture, art, city, iconography, painting, symbolism, urban.

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Jan Kurek | Professor emeritus of the Cracow University of Technology, Poland

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0853-5312
New York 2001-2025 – ground zero transformations.

A quarter of a century has passed since the New York tragedy of 11 September 2001. After this trauma, there was a need to manifest the memory of the attack on the defenceless, as well as the need to clean up and restore Ground Zero’s space. An architectural competition to design a me-morial at this site (Reflecting Absence) for all the victims of this terrorist attack was to aid in this. A minimalist proposal was selected for construction, one that left visitors freedom to interpret and experience the tragedy of that fateful day. The result is a space with an atmosphere different from the hustle and bustle of the city, with a clear and considered geometry. Here, the architecture, with its thoughtful and clear geometry, has become an important integral part of the site’s identity.

DOI: 10.21005/pif.2026.65.E-02
Keywords: architecture, Manhattan, Ground Zero.

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Jerzy Silberring | Professor Emeritus of the AGH University, Cracow, Poland

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4362-8362
Painted architecture: murals and their significance in urban space.

Murals, being large-scale wall paintings, play a significant and multifaceted role in the urban space. They constitute one of the most common forms of public art that transforms and revitalizes the city landscape, moving beyond traditional galleries. This publication analyzes the diverse role and evolution of murals and street art in the space of contemporary cities, focusing on three key aspects: their genesis, functions in public space, and influence on the local community and urban revitalization processes such as fostering community cohesion, the gentrification of the surround-ings, or artistic expression, which often carries a socio-political context.

DOI: 10.21005/pif.2026.65.E-03
Keywords: gentrification, murals, public space, street art.